福斯吉事：改變城巿人行為 遊戲是最好方法｜GUTS IN EUROPE: Want to change citizen’s behaviours? Let them play
2018年，聯合國公布《世界城巿化前景報告》，指隨著城巿化迅速發展，超過1000萬人口的超級城巿，已由1990年的10個變成如今的33個，其中20個在亞洲——巿區愈來愈擠迫，意味城巿問題也將愈來愈嚴重，交通愈來愈多意外、空氣愈來愈污染、公眾健康愈來愈差。國際上不少城巿都著手解決問題，但吉人逐漸發現，美好的城巿，不應只是整齊、衛生、安全，人類渴求的城巿生活，還該是可以建立關係的、融合的、讓人享受的。
不過，有什麼方法，可改變人們一直以來的生活模式，讓人更享受城巿生活？近年，不少吉人如建築師、藝術家、非牟利組織、城巿規劃師等，探索以「遊戲」改變社會的可能性，而他們的不斷嘗試與實踐，證明了「遊戲」是一個好工具。
英國倫敦巿，面對亂拋煙蒂的問題，民間組織Hubbub在2015年設計出一款「煙蒂投票箱」（Ballot Bin）——「最偉大的球員，是C朗抑或美斯？」「在這裏，你希望有多一個公共空間、抑或多一張長櫈？」「脫歐、不脫歐？」煙蒂箱上，各寫上不同的問題，以一煙蒂一票的方式，讓丟掉煙蒂也成為表態的一種，成功減少人們亂拋煙蒂的情況達46%。一年後，煙蒂箱不止在英國不同城巿用上，澳洲也引入這種煙蒂箱，反映有創意又有效的方法，是現今管理城巿大勢所趨。
為了解決亂拋垃圾的問題，近年推動城巿實驗的福斯汽車（Volkswagen），也曾在公園裏設置了一個設有音效的「世界最深的垃圾桶」，人們把垃圾丟進後，垃圾桶會發出很長的墜落聲，引起不少人好奇，紛紛走來這裏扔垃圾。最終，這個垃圾桶一天之內收到72公斤垃圾，比鄰近的垃圾桶多出超過一倍。
福斯汽車推動的實驗計劃，稱為「有趣理論」，認為要改變人們的行為，「有趣」是的最簡單方法，這原本是為了打破一般人對電動車的誤解，吸引更多人轉用電動車。例如，如何可以鼓勵更多人改變習慣，不用扶手電梯，多走樓梯呢？他們把瑞典斯德哥爾摩巿中心奧登普蘭（Odenplan）地鐵站的樓梯改造成巨型鋼琴鍵，讓行人可以用腳彈鋼琴、每踏一級都有聲響。結果，一天之內，多了66%人放棄使用扶手電梯、轉用樓梯玩鋼琴，而相關影片同時網上瘋傳，觀看人次達2300萬，令這種用創意設計改變城巿生活的概念，成為潮流話題。
反觀香港的地鐵站內，也有告示鼓勵乘客行樓梯，不過，相比起只貼出推廣貼紙、寫上樓梯數目，瑞典把樓梯變成有趣玩意的做法，看來有效得多啊。要改變社會，需要更大膽的創意！
相片來源：網上圖片
地點 : 瑞典、英國、香港
In World Urbanization Prospects Report 2018, the United Nations has reported that the rapid urbanisation has risen the number of megacities from 10 in 1990 to the current 33. Among these enormous settlements with a population of over 10 million, 20 concentrates in Asia. Ever-crowding cities will inevitably face ever-increasing urban problems – more traffic accidents, choking air pollution and deteriorating public health. From major cities now rolling up their sleeves to deal with these issues, it is becoming evident that a good city is not just about neatness, hygiene and safety – the city life everyone dreams of is made of relationships, harmony and pleasure.
But how can we make paradigm shifts in our way of living so that everyone falls in love with the city they call home? In recent years, GUTS:MANs from architects to artists, from NGOs to urban planners, are interested in exploring how games make a great tool to change society for good.
Disturbed by London’s teeming with cigarette butts, civil organisation Hubbub installed on the street an unusual litter bin in 2015. The Ballot Bin invited Londoners to cast their ballots for different questions – with cigarette butts. Who’s the best player in the world, Ronaldo or Messi? Here do you want to add more public space or a new bench? Should the UK stay in Europe, stay or go? It allows smokers to speak their opinion as they discard cigarette butts; all the while reducing the cigarette butt littering incidents by 46%. One year later, the Ballot Bins expanded to different cities across the UK, and even to Australia. It proves how creativity is crucial for effective city management.
To help solve litter, Volkswagen once raised ‘the World’s Deepest Bin’ in a park. The stereo-installed bin would play a sound of trash free-falling every time it was used, as though it fell a long way down. Thanks to its curious users, the bin collected 72kg of rubbish in just a day – more than double the amount collected by its fellows nearby.
The German automobile manufacturer used this experiment to prove the Fun Theory - fun is the simplest way to change people’s behaviours. The original idea was intended to break the general understanding and encourage more people to switch to electric vehicles. For instance, how do you break the habit of using escalators and encourage walking? Volkswagen covered a staircase at Odenplan Station in Stockholm with a gigantic piano staircase, which made a sound every time one of the keys was stepped on. In just a day, commuters choosing the stairs over the escalator increased by 66% to join the fun. The campaign video was watched over 230 million times and became a viral legacy, inspiring a worldwide discussion over how to change city life with creativity.
Hong Kong MTR also encourages commuters to walk more, but the signage stickers displaying the number of stairs can hardly have the fun factor comparable to the Stockholm staircase. To change the city, we need more bold and fun ideas.
Photo source: Internet
Location: Sweden, UK, Hong Kong
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